Liquid-transfer adapter beveled spike

ABSTRACT

A liquid-transfer adapter operatively interposable between an injector and a vial is provided. The adapter has an injector engaging portion configured for fluidly coupling to an injector and a vial coupling. The vial coupling includes a spike that has a spike axis and a tip portion configured for piercing a septum of a vial. The tip portion includes a plurality of facets that meet each other at one or more edges and at least one of the one or more edges is sloped with respect to the spike axis. The spike defines a channel extending therethrough in fluid communication with the injector engaging portion. A channel opening is defined in at least one of the facets and disposed without interrupting the edges.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application related generally to liquid-transfer adapters and, more specifically, to liquid-transfer adapters that provide liquid communication between vials and injectors.

BACKGROUND

In the medical field, it is common practice for medication to be provided in a vial. The medication is transferred from the vial to an injector (e.g., a syringe, auto-injector, jet injector, and so forth) for subsequent injection into a patient. In some cases, the medication is provided in a liquid solution in the sealed vial, while in other cases it is provided in a solid form (e.g., powder). Generally, when provided in solid form, a solvent (e.g., water) is inserted into the vial to dissolve the medication. The liquid medication is extracted out of the vial into an injector for injection into a patient.

A typical vial is sealed with a stopper that has sidewalls extending down the inside walls of a neck portion of the vial. Conventionally, a hollow spike has been implemented to provide fluid communication with the contents of the vial. In particular, the hollow spike punctures the stopper to insert and/or extract liquid from the vial. Occasionally, however, when attempting to puncture the stopper, the spike may inadvertently enter into a sidewall of the stopper, preventing or limiting liquid communication with the contents of the vials, depending on the orientation of the opening to draw the fluid from the vial into the spike.

Additionally, as conventional spikes are pushed through rubber stoppers, the rubber stoppers are often stretched, torn, or cut by the spike. In some cases portions of the stopper may enter into the hollow spike and may even core the stopper resulting in obstruction of liquid flow from the vial.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,254,106 discloses a needle that includes a slot that extends along the sidewalls of the needle. Similarly, U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2006/0266431 discloses a needle with slots in the sidewall. U.S. Pat. No. 4,411,661 and U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2007/0179506 disclose a spike with a slot that extends from a conical tip on its sidewalls. U.S. Pat. No. 7,150,735 discloses a spike with one or more openings in a beveled surface.

SUMMARY

A liquid-transfer adapter operatively interposable between an injector and a vial is provided. In some embodiments, the adapter has an injector engaging portion configured for fluidly coupling to an injector and a vial coupling. The vial coupling includes a spike that has a spike axis and a tip portion configured for piercing a septum of a vial. The tip portion includes a plurality of facets that meet each other at one or more edges and at least one of the one or more edges is sloped with respect to the spike axis. The spike defines a channel extending therethrough in fluid communication with the injector engaging portion. A channel opening is defined in at least one of the facets and disposed without interrupting the edges.

In some embodiments, the edges comprise junctions between the facets. The edges may also have cutting surfaces configured for cutting the septum as the spike is pushed therethrough. In one embodiment, the tip portion has at least three facets and the channel opening comprises a channel opening disposed in each of at least three of the facets. The channel the openings may be spaced circumferentially from the edges. Additionally, lateral edges of the channel openings may be disposed radially inward compared to the edges. Moreover, lateral edges of the channel openings are disposed radially inward relative to the edges at any axial position. The lateral edges of the channel openings may be spaced from the edges sufficiently to minimize intrusion of the septum into the channel openings when the spike is pierced through the septum. The channel openings may be substantially centered circumferentially on the facets. In some embodiments, a seal may be disposed at the injector engaging portion configured for mating with the injector for maintaining liquid within the channel and injector. Additionally, the injector engaging portion has dimensions suitable for coupling with a needle free injector. Moreover, a removable insert may be removably coupled within the injector engaging portion for selectively configuring the injector engaging portion for engaging variously sized injectors. The removable insert may have dimensions suitable for coupling with a syringe having a first width, and with the insert removed, the injector engaging portion is configured for coupling to a jet injector having a second width that is larger than the first width.

In some embodiments, a vial engaging member may be associated with the vial coupling portion and configured for engaging the adapter to the vial with the spike inserted therein. Moreover, the vial engaging member may include reflexed fingers arranged around the spike and extending theretowards for snapping to and retaining the adapter engaged to the vial. Further, the spike may include a shaft extending from the tip towards the injector engaging portion and an opening extends onto the shaft for maximizing fluid extraction from the vial with the vial in an inverted position.

In some embodiments, the edges meet at a point that is substantially axially centered. Additionally, the facets may be substantially flat bevels. In still other embodiments, a liquid-transfer adapter is provided having a spike for providing liquid communication to a sealed vial. The spike includes a shaft portion and a piercing point configured for piercing a septum of a vial. The tip includes at least three bevels joining together at a substantially centered tip, a channel extending through the spike, and a channel opening disposed within each bevel and onto the shaft portion. The channel openings are connected to the channel for transferring fluid to or from the vial.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings depict one or more implementations in accordance with the present concepts, by way of example only, not by way of limitation. In the drawings, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements.

FIG. 1 shows a liquid-transfer system in accordance with an example embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid-transfer system of FIG. 1 taken along line II-II;

FIG. 3 is a cross-section view of a distal portion of the distal end of the adapter of FIG. 2 coupled to a vial;

FIGS. 4-5 illustrate the vial before and after being sealed with a stopper 132, respectively;

FIGS. 6-8 are cross-sectional views of various adapter configurations to connect to various sizes of vials for liquid-transfer;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the liquid-transfer adapter of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the liquid-transfer adapter of FIG. 9 taken along line X-X;

FIG. 11 is an axial view of the adapter of FIG. 9 from a vial coupling end;

FIG. 12 illustrates a side view of the adapter of FIG. 1 having a cap prior to use of the adapter;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the adapter shown in FIG. 12 taken along line XIV;

FIGS. 14-17 illustrate steps in an embodiment of a method of inserting liquid into the vial using the adapter;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a spike penetrating a septum of a vial;

FIGS. 19 and 20 are axial views of the spike of FIG. 18 partially and completely, respectively, penetrating through the septum of a vial; and

FIG. 21 illustrates a spike having four facets in accordance with and alternative embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, a liquid-transfer system 100 is illustrated in accordance with an example embodiment. Generally, the liquid-transfer system 100 includes a vial 102 holding liquid 103, a liquid-transfer adapter 104 and an injector 106. The liquid-transfer adapter 104 provides liquid communication between the vial 102 and the injector 106 to facilitate the transfer of liquid to and/or from the vial 102, and to and/or from the injector 106.

The injector 106 may have an indicator window 108 for indicating a volume of liquid 103 that it contains (e.g., the amount of liquid retrieved from the vial 102). The injector 106 may take one of several different forms, including a syringe, an auto injector, or a jet injector (needle free or needle-assisted). Information regarding injectors may be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,875,976, 6,673,035, and/or 6,673,035, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety and for all purposes. It should be appreciated that the needle-free injectors described in these references can be adapted for needle-assisted injection, auto injection, and/or other types of injection.

The liquid-transfer adapter 104 can be operatively coupled in between the vial 102 and the injector 106. The liquid-transfer adapter 104 has a vial engaging end 110 that receives the vial 102 and couples the vial with the liquid-transfer adapter. Additionally, the liquid-transfer adapter 104 has an injector engaging end 112 to which the injector 106 can be attached.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid-transfer system of FIG. 1 taken along line II-II. As shown, the injector 106 includes a distal housing 107 and a proximal housing 109. The proximal housing 109 includes a trigger mechanism 111 and a button 113 for firing the injector 106. The distal housing 107 includes a ram 115 and an energy source 117 (e.g., a firing spring) associated therewith to provide energy for firing the injector 106. A firing stopper 119 may be attached to the proximal end of the ram 115 to force out fluid medicament through a jet nozzle 121 when the injector 106 is fired. Additionally, the firing stopper 119 moves proximally to draw liquid 103 from the vial 102 into a cartridge 123. A seal 132 interfaces the jet nozzle 121 and is generally located between the adapter and the distal end of the injector 106. The seal 132 may be provided maintain liquid within the channel and an injector coupled to the adapter 104.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 showing the vial 102 and the adapter 104. The vial 102 preferably has a neck 125 and a lip 114 that protrudes radially beyond a recessed portion of the neck 127 which may be used to engage the vial 102 with the liquid-transfer adapter 104. Fingers 116 of the adapter can be provided to seat on and engage the lip 114 to hold the vial 102 in an engaged position with respect to the adapter 104. The fingers 116 may be arranged around the spike 118 and extending theretowards for snapping to and retaining the adapter 104 engaged to the vial 102.

The engagement of the vial 102 with the adapter 104 causes a spike 118 of the adapter 104 to puncture a septum (or stopper) 120 of the vial. The spike 118 may be a multifaceted spike having a tip 122 that is preferably axially centered with respect to the central axis of the spike 118. In such embodiments, the tip 122 can have a coaxial point, but in alternative embodiments, the tip and point can be provided off center. One or more facets 124 may include a channel opening 126. Some or all of the channel openings 126 extend on the facet 124 and onto the sidewall 128 of the shaft 129 of the spike 118. As the spike, 118 is pushed through the septum 120, the septum is deformed (as shown at 117) as the sidewall 128 of the shaft 129 pull on the septum. Preferably, the channel openings 126 extend down the sidewall 128 of the shaft 129 so that when the spike 118 is inserted through the septum 120 at least a portion of the channel openings are not exposed outside of the septum. The channel openings 126 are fluidly connected to an interior channel 130 that extends longitudinally through the spike 118 thereof. The openings 126 are generally spaced circumferentially from the edges. Further, the lateral edges of the openings 126 are radially positioned inwardly from the edges at any axial station. The channel 130 provides liquid communication between the vial engaging end 110 and the injector engaging end 112 of the adapter 104.

FIGS. 2 and 3 also show a seal 132, such as a rubber seal or elastomeric septum, which is positioned within the injector engaging end 112 over a terminal end of the channel 130 and configured to prevent fluid from leaking from the interface between the injector engaging end 112 and the injector 106 that is coupled therewith. The seal 132 includes an opening 133 to fluidly communicate the channel 130 to the injector 106. The seal 132 includes a domed region 135 that corresponds with a dome cutaway 137 in the adapter 102 and which helps to achieve a seal. Preferably, the jet nozzle 121 slightly deforms the seal 132 when the two are interfaced.

FIG. 4 illustrates the vial 102 before it is sealed with the stopper 132. The vial 102 has the recessed neck portion 127 and the lip 114. Medicament may be inserted into the vial 102 prior to placing the stopper within the neck 125 of the vial. The stopper 132 may include a generally cylindrical member 145 that is configured to extend into the neck 125 of the vial. Before sealing the vial 102, the stopper 132 may be partially inserted into the vial and medicament may be inserted through a gap 147 of the cylindrical member 145. The gap 147 may take the form of a shortened portion of the cylindrical member 145. The medicament may be placed in the vial in a liquid or a solid form. Additionally, in some embodiments, a liquid medicament inserted into the vial 102 may be heated or otherwise treated so as to be solid before fully inserting the stopper 132. Once the stopper 132 is fully inserted into the vial 102, a cap 149 (e.g., a metal cap) is positioned over the stopper and may subsequently be crimped about the lip 114 of the vial to secure the stopper and seal the vial. The cap 149 may have a removable tab 153 that may be removed for insertion of a spike, such as the spike 118 of the adapter 104. The stopper 132 may have a circular protrusion 151 on its top that may serve to provide a target for the spike. The removable tab 153 may be generally centered over this protrusion 151 in some embodiments so that when it is removed the protrusion is exposed. It should be appreciated that the stopper 132 and/or vial 102 may be provided in a variety of different sizes and/or dimensions.

FIGS. 6-8 show the cross-sectional views of the adapter 104 with the vial 102 with the stoppers in each having different dimensions. Specifically, FIG. 6 illustrates a Ferring 20 mm stopper 155, FIG. 7 illustrates a Teva 20 mm stopper 157, and FIG. 8 illustrates a Ferring 13 mm stopper 159. Each of the stoppers 155, 157 and 159 has a gap 161, 163, and 165. The spike 118 can have the same dimensions in adapters sized for use with different vials, such as in each of the adapters in FIGS. 6-8. This can allow a common mold may be used for the spike 118 that is functional in a variety of adapters and with a variety of vial and stopper sizes. As such, molds for the other parts of the adapter 104 may vary but only a single mold need be designed and prepared for the spike 118 in this embodiment, thus providing manufacturing efficiency and savings.

As may be seen in FIGS. 6-8, channels 126 of the spike preferably extend onto the sidewall 128 from the facets 124 to a distance from the tip that is sufficient so that a portion of the channel 126 is submerged within the septum 120. It should be appreciated, that there is some deformation of the center portions 155, 157, 159 of the septums 120 when the spike is pushed through, as shown in FIG. 3 at 117. The deformation is not shown in FIG. 6-8. However, generally, the channel 126 of the spike 118 terminates at some point within the center portions 155, 157, 159 of the septums 120 so that when the coupled vial, adapter, and injector are inverted with the vial on top, the amount of fluid that can be withdrawn from the vial is maximized compared to having the channel openings 126 terminate outside of the septum 120. In an alternative embodiment, however, some or all of the channel openings 126 can be shorter so as to remain spaced from the septum 120 when the spike is fully inserted therein.

It should be appreciated that the extent to which a portion of the aperture remains within the septum 120 and/or the extent to which the end 140 of the channel 126 extends beyond the septum may depend on several factors such as the thickness of the septum, the length of the channel and/or the extent to which the channels extend down the sidewall of the spike. It should be appreciated, however, that preferably the dimensions of the spike 118 are such that they function as intended for a variety of different dimensioned septums/stoppers and/or vials. As such, the tooling for the spike 118 can be reused. The adapter 104 dimensions may vary to accommodate the different sizes of vial necks, for instance. In other embodiments, the dimensions of the spike may vary and tooling may be created to accommodate various spike sizing/dimensions.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the liquid-transfer adapter 104 without a vial. The vial engaging end 110 includes a collar 150 that couples to a center body 152 of the adapter with support structures 154. The center body 152 preferably includes a wall 171 that divides the vial and injector engaging ends from each other, and the spike 118 preferably extends from the center body 152. The collar 150 is held by the support structures 152 at a distance from the center body 152 greater than the length of the spike 118. Fingers 116 are distributed about the collar 150 and extend inwardly from the collar 150 towards the spike 118. The fingers 116 may be reflexed so as to snap to the vial and retain the adapter engaged to the vial. Other embodiments may use different mechanisms to engage the adapter to the vial.

Engagement slots 170 on the injector engaging end 112 having engagement members 174 are also shown in FIG. 9. Generally, the engagement slots 170 may be configured to releasably receive and engage flanges of an injector or an adapter. Engagement members 174 may generally be resilient protrusions into the slots 170 configured to hold the flanges and the injector or adapter in a coupled position relative to the adapter 104.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the liquid-transfer adapter 104 of FIG. 9 taken along line X-X. While particular dimensions of the adapter 104 may vary, some example dimensions are provided herein to give a sense of the scale for a preferred adapter. For example, the distance from an outer edge 160 of the collar 150 to the end of the fingers 116 may be, for example, up to around a half of an inch but preferably between about 0.1-0.4 inches, and in one embodiment about a quarter inch. A plurality of fingers 116 may be provided, such as four fingers 116 provided in pairs 180, and configured with a desired stiffness for coupling with the vial. A length of the injector engaging end 112 is typically between about half an inch to an inch or greater, and in one embodiment is approximately 0.8 inches. Additionally, the diameter of the injector engaging end may be up to or greater than about one inch and preferably between 0.4-0.7 inches, for example about half an inch, and in one embodiment about 0.6 inches.

The tip 122 of the spike is shown as axially centered with the spike 118, although in other embodiments the spike may not be axially centered (e.g., may be offset from the center). Generally, the beveled facets 124 may have and angle θ relative to the axis of the spike 118 that is suitable for injection through skin. For example, the angle θ may be up to about 45 degrees relative to the axis of the spike 118 and typically between about 10-20 degrees, or approximately 15 degrees in an embodiment. The beveled facets 124 may have a length A between 0.1-0.17 inches and in one embodiment 0.14 inches longitudinally along the spike 118. A length B along the shaft of the spike from the bevel to a curved portion of the base 162 may be between 0.21-0.26 inches and in one embodiment may be 0.24 inches. The curved portion of the base J may be between 0.01-0.03 inches and in one embodiment approximately 0.02 inches. A length C along the shaft of the spike 118 that includes the curved base 162 may be between 0.22-0.27 inches and may be 0.25 inches in one embodiment. As such, the ratios A/B and A/C may each be between approximately 1/3 to 3/4.

The spike 118 may generally have a length D of up to or greater than about half of an inch or longer, and is preferably between about 0.3 and 0.5 inches, and in one embodiment is approximately 0.4 inches. The ratio of A/D may be between 1/5 to 2/3. The spike 118 may have a width E, typically, of about 0.05 to 0.2 inches, preferably between 0.07-0.1 inches, and in one embodiment about 0.08 inches. The width E of the shaft may be slightly larger at a base 162 of the shaft 178. The channel 130 extends through the center of the spike 118 and may have a diameter F that may be between about 0.03-0.06 inches, and in one embodiment is about 0.04 or 0.05 inches and tapers proximally downward. The downward taper may begin where an overlap occurs between the channel 130 and the opening 126. The channel 130 may have a length between 0.1-0.2 inches from the base 162 of the shaft 178 to where the overlap occurs. The overlap of the channel and channel overlap may have a length between 0.08-0.1 inches. The channel 130 may have a depth H between 0.02 and 0.03 inches, and in one embodiment may be approximately 0.025 inches. A ratio H/E may be between approximately 1/4 and 1/3. A longitudinal distance I from the tip 122 to the channel opening may be between 0.06 and 0.08 inches, and in one embodiment may be 0.07 inches. A ratio A/I may be between approximately two and 3/4.

FIG. 11 illustrates the spike tip 122 as having three facets or bevels that converge to a point 122. The facets 124 meet at edges 190 and channel openings 126 are located within the facets but do not interrupt the edges. The channel openings 126 may generally have a width J between 0.01-0.02 inches, and preferably approximately 0.015 inches, while the facets 124 may generally each have an arcuate length between edges of approximately 0.06 and 0.1 inches, and preferably about 0.08 inches. A ratio of J/K may be between 1/10 and 1/3.

The channel openings 126 are preferably generally centered within the facets 124 so that they do not extend to the junctions of the facets. Thus, the lateral edges of the openings 126 are disposed radially inward compared to the edges 190 and are spaced circumferentially from the edges. This is true at any axial station. As such a radius R1 measured radially from the axis to the openings 126 is less than a radius R2 from the axis to the edge 190. The openings 126 in this embodiment are about 120 degrees apart on center, seen in an axial direction, since they are preferably about equally spaced and centered on the facets 124. The facets 124 may be spaced about the tip of the spike 118 in any suitable manner. In some embodiments, the each facet is the same size as the others, while in other embodiments one or more facets may be differently sized from the others. In an example, one or more facet 124 may have a width less than a tenth of an inch where it meets the sidewall 128 of the shaft. In one embodiment, the channel openings 126 may be up to about 30 degrees wide, measured on a radial plane, about the center and preferably between 5-30 degrees wide (e.g., about 20 degrees wide in one embodiment). A distance G between the tip 122 and the channel openings 126 may be between 0.01-0.02 inches (e.g., 0.015 inches). The channel openings 126 are preferably tapered along the facets 124, but alternatively can have a substantially constant width.

It should be appreciated that the dimensions provided herein are merely exemplary and are not limiting. Indeed, in some embodiments the dimensions may be altered to accommodate certain functionality and/or to couple with injectors and/or vials having different dimensions.

As illustrated in FIG. 12, a cap 220 can be provided that covers the injector engaging end 112 of the adapter 104 prior to use to help keep the adapter sterile. The cap 220 is removable to allow for coupling an injector to with the adaptor 200. FIG. 13 is a cross sectional view taken along ling XIV in FIG. 12. As illustrated, an insert 230 is positioned within the injector engaging end 112 of the adapter 104. The insert 230 is configured to allow for injectors of differing sizes to be coupled and engaged to the adapter 104. In some embodiments, for example, the interior dimensions of the injector engaging end 112 of the adapter 104 may be configured to receive, and generally may correspond in size to, a preselected jet injector type. The insert 230 may be removed for use of the adapter 104 with the jet injector. With the insert 230 in place, the insert can provide dimensions selected for receiving a syringe for reconstituting medicament. Generally, the insert 230 may include flanges 232 that may be inserted into engagement slots 170 of the adapter 104 to secure the insert relative to the adapter. These same slots 170 may be used for engaging a jet injector in place as it is being loaded (i.e., as it extracts liquid from a vial).

FIGS. 14-17 illustrate a process for reconstituting medicament using a syringe 240. In FIG. 14 each of the vial 102, the adapter 104 and the syringe 240 are shown as initially being separate from each other. The adapter 104 may be moved downward to engage the vial 102. In FIG. 15, the cap 220 is removed from the adapter 104 and a cap 242 is removed from the syringe 240. The syringe 240 engages the adapter 104 by entering the injector engaging end 112 of the adapter. Once the syringe 240 and the adapter 104 are joined together, a plunger 244 of the syringe 240 may be depressed to insert liquid into the vial, as shown in FIG. 16. Once the liquid from the syringe has been inserted into the vial 102, the syringe 240 may be removed from the adapter 104. As illustrated in FIG. 17, when the syringe is withdrawn from the injector engaging end 112 of the adapter 104, the insert 230 may be extracted from the adapter as well.

The facets 204 meet at a tip 210 and each facet joins with adjacent facets to form edges 212. The tip 210 is axially centered with respect to the spike 202. The edges 212 at the junction of the facets 204 may be used to cut through a rubber septum or stopper of a vial. Hence, the edges 212 are cutting edges. Furthermore, the apertures 206 are positioned between the edges 212 but do not interfere or disrupt the edges. As such, the edges 212 are disposed more radially outward than the interior portions of the facets 204 where the apertures 206 are positioned. The outward position of the edges 212 localizes the strain concentrations of the septum thereon and away from the apertures 206 as the spike 202 penetrates it.

FIGS. 18-20 are images of the spike 118 penetrating the rubber stopper 132 of the vial 102, for example when the adapter 104 is engaging the vial. In particular, FIG. 18 shows the spike 118 from outside the vial 102. The multiple facets 124 may be seen as having channel openings 126 that extend on the sidewall 128 of the shaft 129 of the spike 118. Additionally, the metal collar 149 may be seen. The tab of the metal collar has been removed to allow the spike access to the stopper 132 and remnants 261 of where the tab was connected to the collar 149 remain. The protrusion 151 of the stopper is also shown and serves as a target for the spike 118. The edges 190 at the junction between facets 124 serve as cutting edges as the spike 118 punctures the stopper 132.

FIG. 19 shows a view from within the vial as the spike 118 is pushed through the stopper 132. In some embodiments, tearing of the stopper 132 may occur upon insertion of the spike 118. The edges 190 are preferably sufficiently sharp to provide cutting through the elastomeric stopper 132 to facilitate penetration of the spike 118 therein. As the edges 190 extend radially further than the facet's 124 surfaces the pressure from the stopper 132 is concentrated at the edges. More specifically, stress concentrations from cutting, stretching, and/or tearing of the stopper are localized away from the openings 126 and instead are focused at the points 258 where the edges 190 are contacting the stopper. Thus, the channel openings 126 generally do not provide edges or points for cutting the stopper. This can help avoid coring of the stopper and minimize intrusion of the stopper into the openings 126. Preferably, the stopper 132 material will be pulled away from the channels 126 by the edges 190, and the stopper material that expands into the openings is minimized, such as at 259.

FIG. 20 shows the spike 118 fully inserted into the vial 102. As may be seen, the edges 190 are cleared from the stopper 132 and the channel openings 126 are exposed. Although not shown here, as the spike 118 is pushed through the stopper 132, the stopper is deflected slighted into the vial 132. As such, in a preferred embodiment, the distal end of the channel openings 126 are either flush with the stopper 132 or remain within the stopper so that substantially all of the liquid within the vial may be extracted into an injector, as discussed above.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a liquid-transfer adapter 200, which has a spike 202 with four facets 204. Each facet 204 may be similarly or differently sized, and preferably has a channel opening 206 that extends from within the face of the facet and onto the sidewall 208 of the spike 202. The opening 206 is in communication with a channel (not shown) within the spike 202 to provide liquid communication between two ends of the adapter 200.

All of the references specifically identified in the detailed description section of the present application are expressly incorporated herein in their entirety by reference thereto. The term “about,” as used herein, should generally be understood to refer to both the corresponding number and a range of numbers. Moreover, all numerical ranges herein should be understood to include each whole integer within the range, and other embodiments can have other dimensions. Accordingly, the specific embodiments described herein should be understood as examples and not limiting the scope thereof.

While illustrative embodiments of the disclosure are disclosed herein, it will be appreciated that numerous modifications and other embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art. For example, the features for the various embodiments can be used in other embodiments. Therefore, it will be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and embodiments that come within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A liquid-transfer adapter operatively interposable between an injector and a vial, comprising: an injector engaging portion configured for fluidly coupling to an injector; and a vial coupling including a spike that has a spike axis and a tip portion including a tip configured for piercing a septum of a vial and a plurality of facets that are substantially flat bevels that meet each other at the tip, wherein: the plurality of facets comprises at least three facets, each facet being sloped with respect to the spike axis, one or more facets meet at one or more edges, at least one of the one or more edges being sloped with respect to the spike axis, the spike defining a channel extending therethrough in fluid communication with the injector engaging portion and including a channel opening defined in at least one of the facets and disposed without interrupting the edges, and wherein the channel opening comprises a channel opening disposed in each of at least three of the facets.
 2. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein the edges comprise junctions between the facets.
 3. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein the edges comprise cutting surfaces configured for cutting the septum as the spike is pushed therethrough.
 4. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1 further comprising a seal disposed at the injector engaging portion configured for mating with the injector for maintaining liquid within the channel and injector.
 5. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, further comprising a vial engaging member associated with the vial coupling configured for engaging the adapter to the vial with the spike inserted therein.
 6. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 5, wherein the vial engaging member comprises reflexed fingers arranged around the spike and extending theretowards for snapping to and retaining the adapter engaged to the vial.
 7. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein each channel opening is spaced circumferentially from the one or more edges.
 8. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein lateral edges of the each channel opening are disposed radially inward compared to the edges.
 9. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein lateral edges of each channel openings are disposed radially inward relative to the edges at any axial position.
 10. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein the lateral edges of each channel opening are spaced from the edges to minimize intrusion of the septum into the channel openings when the spike is pierced through the septum.
 11. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein each channel opening is substantially centered circumferentially on one facet.
 12. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein the injector engaging portion comprises dimensions suitable for coupling with a needle free injector.
 13. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 12, wherein a removable insert is removably coupled within the injector engaging portion for selectively configuring the injector engaging portion for engaging variously sized injectors.
 14. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 13, wherein the removable insert comprises dimensions suitable for coupling with a syringe having a first width, and with the insert removed, the injector engaging portion is configured for coupling to a jet injector having a second width that is larger than the first width.
 15. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein: the spike comprises a shaft extending from the tip towards the injector engaging portion; and the channel opening extends from at least one of the facets onto the shaft of the spike for maximizing fluid extraction from the vial with the vial in an inverted position.
 16. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein the edges meet at a point that is substantially axially centered.
 17. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 1, wherein the channel opening is positioned at a distance from the tip.
 18. The liquid-transfer adapter of claim 17, wherein the channel opening is positioned at a distance of between 0.01-0.02 inches from the tip. 